The first in a major new series exploring the archaeology and early historic records of Crete from the Roman to the Byzantine periods.

This volume follows on from papers presented at the 13th International Cretan Congress in 2022 and covers the period from the 1st century BC to 4th–5th centuries AD, with the articles in the volume set around the topic of upheavals and disruptions, and in particular those evidenced with the arrival of Rome, the creation of the Roman Province, along with those resulting from the dividing of the Roman Empire and the emergence of the Byzantine world.

The volume is set against the background of the Roman conquest of Crete in 67 BC, which heralded the end of the power and control of the Greek city-states, which were themselves steeped in age-old traditions and governed by a variety of legal frameworks, some of which had their roots in Archaic times. The ensuing changes, when they arrived, took centuries to develop but resulted in the establishment of a Greco-Roman culture and society that was far removed from its Hellenistic predecessor.

Roman Crete witnessed several significant periods of disruption and interventions that had a direct impact on daily life and society. These included the military invasion of the island by Rome, at one end of the period, and the AD 365 destructive earthquake at the other, but other interruptions also occurred: changes to religion and religious practices, including the introduction of Christianity; fluctuations in natural resources that affected agricultural production and thus local economies and trade; monetary devaluations in Rome; movements of populations; external shifts in trading networks; and multiple instances of tectonic activity in the Imperial period that caused damage and instability.

• Front Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• Series preface
• Abbreviations
• Primary sources
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Sacred manumissions with a paramone clause found at the Asklepieion of Lissos as a response to the disruption of Cretan slavery patterns at the turn of the Hellenistic and Roman periods
• 3. Sacred landscapes and social mobility in late Hellenistic and early Roman Crete
• 4. The Romans and Crete before the conquest: an interface of history and early Roman ceramics
• 5. Political upheavals and the Roman army: looking for traces of the Roman army on Crete
• 6. Maritime re-organisation and investment in Crete’s ports and harbours
• 7. Italian Sigillata stamps found east and south of Mt Dikte (Crete)
• 8. Roman pottery from Sector 1 of the urban house in the Health Centre plot at Kisamos: a first approach
• 9. Disruption and innovation in local pottery production in Gortyn in the late Roman period
• 10. Economic upheaval and the resilience of Roman Crete
• 11. Investigating disruptions and upheavals in the natural and anthropic landscape of Roman Gortyn through a water lens: five research challenges
• 12. Roman tweaks; Greek template. Towards a coherent framework