This Safety Guide provides recommendations for ensuring radiation protection in the design of new nuclear power plants, design modifications to operating plants, and checking the adequacy of the radiation protection aspects of design at different stages in the lifetime of operating plants. It also provides recommendations for measures to be taken in the design for the protection of site personnel, the public and the environment, and outlines the methodologies used to calculate on-site and off-site radiological conditions and to verify that the design provides an adequate level of radiation protection during operating lifetime and decommissioning. The guide is intended primarily for land-based, stationary nuclear power plants with water cooled reactors designed for electricity generation or for other heat generating applications. This publication is intended for organizations responsible for designing, manufacturing, and constructing nuclear power plants, operating organizations and contractors, including plant operators who are involved in planning, managing and implementing the design and design modification of nuclear power plants, and regulatory bodies and technical support organizations.

• 1. INTRODUCTION
  • Background
  • Objective
  • Scope
  • Structure
• 2. SAFETY OBJECTIVES, DOSE LIMITATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF PROTECTION AND SAFETY
  • Safety objectives
    • Radiation protection in design
    • Safety in design
    • Safety assessment in design phases
    • Interfaces between safety and security
    • Radiation protection for emergency response
  • Application of dose limits in design
    • Authorized dose limits and dose constraints for operational states and decommissioning
  • Optimization of protection and safety
    • Application of the optimization principle
    • Minimization of radioactive waste
    • Design targets for operational states
    • Design targets for accidents
    • Design targets for decommissioning
• 3. GENERAL ASPECTS OF RADIATION PROTECTION IN THE DESIGN OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
  • Sources of radiation in nuclear power plants
  • Design approach for plant states and decommissioning
    • Design teams and operating experience
    • Organizational aspects
    • Design strategy
  • Design considerations for the commissioning and operation of nuclear power plants
    • Design considerations for commissioning
    • Design considerations for initial startup
    • Design considerations for operation
    • Outages
    • Design considerations for startup and shutdown
  • Design considerations for accident conditions
  • Design considerations for the decommissioning of nuclear power plants
• 4. CONTROL OF SOURCES OF RADIATION AND ESTIMATION OF RADIATION DOSE RATES IN NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
  • Estimating radiation dose rates during plant operation and decommissioning
  • Source categories for normal operation and for the decommissioning of nuclear power plants
    • Sources for which shielding is needed
    • Sources for which shielding is not practicable
    • Sources that dominate decommissioning doses and waste volumes at nuclear power plants
    • Sources that present special hazards to workers during plant operation and decommissioning
    • Sources that are important contributors to doses to members of the public
• 5. SPECIFIC DESIGN FEATURES FOR RADIATION PROTECTION IN NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS DURING Operational States
  • Plant layout
    • Classification of areas and zones
    • Changing areas and related facilities
    • Control of access and occupancy
  • Other design considerations for an effective radiation protection programme at a nuclear power plant
    • System design
    • Component design
    • Design for communication infrastructure
    • Remote techniques
    • Shielding
    • Ventilation
    • Decontamination
    • Floor drain systems
    • Waste treatment systems
    • Storage of spent fuel and radioactive waste at a nuclear power plant
  • Protection of the public during plant operation
    • Discharge criteria
    • Waste stream source reduction
    • Effluent treatment system
    • Radiological support facilities
• 6. SPECIFIC DESIGN FEATURES FOR RADIATION PROTECTION IN ACCIDENT Conditions
  • Plant layout
  • Other design considerations for an effective radiation protection programme for accident conditions
    • Protection of site personnel under accident conditions
  • Design provisions for the protection of the public in accident conditions
• 7. SPECIFIC FEATURES OF RADIATION PROTECTION IN DESIGN FOR DECOMMISSIONING
  • Plant layout considerations for decommissioning
    • Classification of areas and zones for decommissioning
  • Other design considerations for an effective radiation protection programme for the decommissioning of nuclear power plants
    • System design for decommissioning
    • Component design for decommissioning
    • Radiological support facilities for decommissioning
    • Remote techniques during decommissioning
    • Decontamination during decommissioning
    • Ventilation during decommissioning
    • Waste treatment systems used during decommissioning
    • Storage of radioactive waste at a nuclear power plant during decommissioning
  • Protection of the public during decommissioning
    • Authorized limits on discharges during decommissioning
    • Waste stream source reduction during decommissioning
    • Effluent treatment systems during decommissioning
    • Shielding for decommissioning
• 8. DESIGN OF RADIATION MONITORING FOR OPERATIONAL STATES, ACCIDENT CONDITIONS AND DECOMMISSIONING OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
  • Area monitoring systems within a nuclear power plant
  • Individual monitoring of personnel at a nuclear power plant
  • Monitoring of discharges
  • Environmental monitoring
  • Process monitoring
  • Radiation monitoring under accident conditions
• Appendix APPLICATION OF THE OPTIMIZATION PRINCIPLE IN NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
• REFERENCES
• Annex I SOURCES OF RADIATION AND SOURCE TERMS IN NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS AND THEIR MINIMIZATION
• Annex II EXAMPLES OF ZONING OF A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT FOR DESIGN PURPOSES
• CONTRIBUTORS TO DRAFTING AND REVIEW